Kuponyera zitsulo kumatanthauza njira yobaya kapena kuthira chitsulo chosungunuka mu nkhungu kupanga chinthu champangidwe wofunidwa.Njirayi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawo ambiri ndi zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, ulimi, kupanga magetsi, mafuta ndi gasi, makina opanga makina ndi mafakitale.
Zida zomangira ziyenera kukhala zamphamvu, zolimba komanso zolimba.Ayenera kuchepetsa ndalama zosamalira komanso kupirira zovuta zosiyanasiyana komanso nyengo zosiyanasiyana.Zida zamtunduwu zimafunikiranso zida zopangira zinthu zabwino kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, chitsulo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zomangira.Zopangira zitsulo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale ena olemera, monga magalimoto, migodi, kupanga magetsi, makina opangira, mafuta ndi gasi, zida zamagetsi ndi mafakitale.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha zinthu zabwino kwambiri zopangira aluminiyamu, monga kulemera kopepuka, kukana dzimbiri, komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, opanga asintha malingaliro awo kuchokera kuzinthu zachitsulo wamba kuti zida zamagalimoto ziziponyera aluminiyamu.Mwachitsanzo, gulu la Aluminium Transportation Group (ATG) la Aluminium Association linafotokoza kuti m'moyo wonse wa galimoto, aluminiyumu imakhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri wa carbon kusiyana ndi zipangizo zina, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo za aluminiyumu m'magalimoto kungapangitse chuma.Kuchepetsa kulemera kwa galimotoyo, mafuta ndi mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira zimachepa.Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimapangitsa kuti injini ikhale yogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso kutulutsa mpweya woipa wagalimoto.
Kuyika ndalama za boma pazomangamanga kudzapereka mwayi waukulu pamsika woponya zitsulo
Maboma padziko lonse lapansi akukonzekera kuti akhazikitse ndalama zothandizira chitukuko cha zomangamanga.Zikuyembekezeka kuti maiko otukuka monga United States, Canada, United Kingdom, France ndi Germany aika ndalama zake posamalira mapulojekiti omwe alipo komanso apanganso ntchito zatsopano.Kumbali ina, maiko omwe akutukuka kumene monga India, China, Brazil ndi South Africa akuyembekezeka kuyika ndalama zake popanga ntchito zatsopano.Mapulojekiti a zomangamanga monga njanji, madoko, milatho, malo opangira zinthu ndi mafakitale amafunikira zinthu zambiri zopangira zitsulo (monga mbale zachitsulo) ndi zipangizo zomangira (monga zonyamula katundu).Zida zomangirazi zimakhalanso ndi zitsulo zopangira zitsulo ndi zigawo zake.Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama pakumanga zomangamanga kumatha kulimbikitsa msika woponyera zitsulo panthawi yanenedweratu.
Iron imvi imatha kufotokozedwa ngati chitsulo choponyedwa chokhala ndi mpweya wopitilira 2% ndi graphite microstructure.Ndiwo chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poponya.Ndi yotsika mtengo, yosinthika komanso yolimba.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwakukulu kwachitsulo chotuwira kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, monga kulimba kwake komanso kulimba kwa zokolola, ductility, kukana kukhudzidwa, komanso kutsika kwamitengo yopangira.Kuchuluka kwa kaboni wachitsulo chotuwira kumapangitsanso kukhala kosavuta kusungunuka, kuwotcherera ndi makina kukhala magawo.
Komabe, chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa zida zina, gawo lamsika lamakampani achitsulo chotuwa likuyembekezeka kutsika pang'ono.Kumbali inayi, gawo la msika wagawo lachitsulo la ductile likuyembekezeka kukwera panthawi yanenedweratu.Gawoli likhoza kuyendetsedwa ndi kuthekera kwa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi ductile kukhala chitsulo chopepuka.Izi zikhoza kuchepetsa ndalama zoperekera ndikubweretsa phindu lachuma kudzera muzinthu zina monga mapangidwe ndi kusinthasintha kwazitsulo.
Makampani opanga magalimoto ndi zoyendera ndi omwe amagula zinthu zopangira zitsulo.Kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kukana kwazinthu zopangira zitsulo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwambiri pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana, monga ma flywheel, ma reductions, ma brake system, ma gearbox ndi ma castings oyika ndalama.Chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwamayendedwe apagulu komanso pagulu padziko lonse lapansi, zikuyembekezeka kuti magawo amagalimoto ndi zoyendera apeza msika pofika 2026.
Chifukwa cha kuchulukirachulukira kwa mapaipi ndi zida zopangidwa ndi zitsulo m'mafakitale monga kupanga magetsi, mafuta ndi gasi, ndi kupanga, gawo la mapaipi ndi zida zitha kuwonjezeka.Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yazitsulo zoponyera zitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi ndi zopangira ndi zigawo zina.
Ntchito zopanga zinthu m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific zidzakulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira zitsulo m'derali
Dera la Asia-Pacific ndilomwe amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Panthawi yolosera, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthuzi m'derali kukuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka.Izi zili choncho chifukwa derali limagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachitsulo kupanga zinthu zomaliza kuyambira zida zamagalimoto mpaka zida zapakhomo.Dera la Asia-Pacific lili ndi zopanga zingapo zomwe zimafunikira zinthu zopangira zitsulo.
Kumbali ina, North America ndi Europe adakwanitsa kukhalabe ampikisano.Komabe, akuyembekezeka kutaya gawo la msika kumapeto kwa nthawi yolosera.Komabe, pofika 2026, gawo lamsika la zigawo ziwirizi likuyembekezeka kukhala locheperako kuposa la Latin America, Middle East ndi Africa.
Pali kuchuluka kwamakampani omwe akugwira ntchito pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi woponya zitsulo.Makampani ochokera ku Europe, Asia Pacific ndi North America akuwongolera msika ndi ukadaulo wawo wolemera komanso zida zapamwamba zaukadaulo.Osewera osiyanasiyana pamsika woponya zitsulo ndiwonso opanga zitsulo.Otenga nawo mbaliwa atha kupindula kwambiri chifukwa chophatikizana m'mbuyo chifukwa zingawathandize kuwongolera ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ndikupeza ukadaulo wabwino kwambiri.Makampani ena ofunikira pamsika akuphatikiza Tata Steel Co., Ltd., Kobe Steel Co., Ltd., ArcelorMittal Co., Nucor Corporation, Hitachi Metal Co., Ltd. ndi Amsted Railway Company.